Wal Marts Entry Strategy Into China Management Essay

Wal Marts Entry Strategy Into China Management Essay Concerning Porters PEST hypothesis, the paper expects to look at Wal-Mart section system into China, and show whether seeking after a joint endeavor procedure was vital to Wal-Marts outer development inside the Far East. The paper is arranged comparative with past scholarly examination articles and decides to add to the writing, meaning to develop past work while giving an understanding into business choices and aim that should be viewed as when entering new markets. The paper will mean to respond to two inquiries according to Wal-Mart business technique as found in the investigative hypothesis segment, offering an inside and out comprehension and scrutinize concerning Wal-Marts Far Eastern endeavors: Did the Political, Economic, Social and Technological impetuses favor Wal-Marts system into China, and; In view of the discoveries from the PEST investigation, was Wal-Marts choice to receive a joint endeavor passage technique possible? Part 1 1.1 Introduction Wal-Mart Inc. is positioned on a worldwide scale as one of the biggest retail organizations around the world, with a market capitalisation of 192.38billion (www.uk.finance.yahoo.com) and deals in abundance of $108 billion and profit for each portion of 96 pennies (Smith, 2009). This joined with its situation inside the Top 5 of the Fortune 500 Index and the effects of the continuous credit crunch make it a connecting with subject to explore. In this paper I mean to expand on the ideas inside the subject of universal business methodology, tending to Wal-Marts own system in their choice to enter the Chinese Market. Business procedure inside numerous worldwide associations assumes a fundamental job in accomplishing an ideal degree of key administration (plan) and Wal-Mart is no special case. Wal-Mart like numerous organizations is quite certain in its business plan, which Pereira (2002) immediately recognized, as setting up strength in the home retail showcases (US), worldwide extension/initiative and a helpful brand creation (Pereira et al, 2002). In light of Pereiras view of Wal-Marts system, by attempted Porters PEST examination taking a gander at Political, Economical, Social and Technological, the discoveries will be lined up with respect to Wal-Marts strategy on joint endeavors. It will expand on past scholarly exploration articles and hypotheses, recorded in the writing audit with the point of understanding the key choices Wal-Mart has embraced concerning its worldwide extension. These choices support the section technique Wal-Mart has received to go into the Chinese market, Wal-Mart is sending out its retail adroit east to Asia with stores opening in China (Halverson, 1994, p1). The paper having sketched out the general idea of PEST when considering market section, will at that point close with a diagram of the passage system taken by Wal-Mart in China dependent on this PEST examination. 1.2 PEST Analysis Irritation is a business instrument that was created by Michael Porter (1980s). It is utilized by firms to comprehend changes inside the large scale condition concentrating on 4 fundamental elements, Political, Economic, Social and Technological. Social event data dependent on these four parts PEST is utilized by firms to address their key situating, arranging and promoting choices. The significance of a PEST investigation as per articles composed by Glaister and Falshaw, is that PEST thinks about the essential segments of the outer examination of the organization, prompting considered perspective on the chances and dangers confronting the firm (Glaister and Falshaw, 1999, p112). By differentiate different kinds of examination, for example the TECOP model, bring into the business and hierarchical hazard angles into the investigation. (www. siteresources.worldbank.org, p25) However with the end goal of this report a PEST investigation is the most suitable. The perspectives on PEST, joined with Porters own hypotheses on firm conduct according to nature, the strain to change is more regularly ecological than inner (Porter, 1998, p52) embodies why adjusting a passage methodology to a PEST investigation is, for some organizations, vital. Wal-Mart is a run of the mill case of this, featuring the significance of thinking about each of the four perspectives before settling on a choice. Wal-Marts improvement and choices dependent on its entrance procedure are unequivocally adjusted to the essentials of PEST. The layout underneath shows this: Part 2 2.1 Literature Review There are numerous past examinations and writing, which use Porters PEST investigation as a device to understanding section choices. This audit will plan to develop these and utilize the ideas to offer an assorted comprehension of Wal-Marts worldwide extension methodology inside China. From a worldwide point of view, the retail division is one of the greatest and most serious markets, the sum and assortment of types of universal retail activities have expanded in late decades (Dawson, 1994, p39). Having set up in 1962, Wal-Mart has been no special case to this example, Wal-Mart is both the universes biggest retailer and enterprise estimated by its income (Dobson, 2004, P89). As Wal-Mart has deliberately evolved, the need to adjust and develop a worldwide methodology and adjust it to the outside condition has been crucial. Wal-Marts worldwide development and situating inside new markets with the key aim of procuring an upper hand against other retail monsters, for example, Tesco and Carrefour regarding piece of the overall industry, exemplifies this, since 1994, Wal-Mart, the greatest retailer on the planet, has been one of a scope of American 'new configuration retailers causing ruin in remote retail advertises (Hallsworth and Evers, 2004, p1). The writing gives a knowledge into why firms exist where they do. Vermin is a device used to increase a comprehension of market development and decay (outside to the firm) and accordingly assists with deciding the perfect key situating for an association. As Langlois and Robertson expressed, an organization when managing any business system must set up the limits of control corresponding to their associations scale and degree (Langlois et al, 1995, p7). On the off chance that this isn't built up forthright, any arrangement around firm situating gets hazardous and as Lamont has expressed in his work, and specifically concerning Wal-Marts worldwide local methodology, this has been the situation in certain zones. Wal-Mart, Lamont contends has committed a few errors in making a decision about the significance of financial, social, and business chances inside neighborhood nations (Lamont, 2002), which thus has kept them from situating themselves in certain nations as a fruitful retail fir m. Numerous European urban areas like Germany for example have stayed with the littler retailers like Spar and Lidl as their needs and decision are not as various as the Chinese requests. Further writing develops the issues of an absence of comprehension of the outside condition. For example, Lamont, Kottoli and Schaefer scrutinize Wal-Marts European passage technique comparable to the basics of PEST. Lamont gets on the monetary examination and contends that more significant expenses and expanded rivalry was a wellspring of Wal-Marts disappointment in nations like Germany (Lamont, 2002). Kottoli likewise joins the discussion and contends social inhumanities turned into the boundary to Wal-Marts achievement, which thusly backs up Schaefers speculations identifying with why Wal-Mart had the issues it did. Wal-Marts powerlessness to adjust its home belief systems to its worldwide objectives because of the board issues, language obstructions (social), showcase information and political guideline all additional to its choice to re-structure and auction its misfortunes (Schaefer, 2006). This said doing a PEST examination on Wal-Marts Chinese endeavor turns into a fascinating activity, in light of the fact that, while Kottoli, Schaefer and Lamonts contentions are for the most part trustworthy for Europe, others trust China offers a one of a kind point. A PEST investigation will give a more inside and out comprehension of why Wal-Mart picked a specific passage system for China. Goldstein in his composing indicated how Wal Marts way to deal with China contrasted from past passage methodologies and that it has really encountered a component of achievement (Goldstein, 2003). It is at any rate despite everything present extending and regarded in China and Asia, which can't be said for its advancement in some European nations like Germany. Kierney aggravates this further while expressing concerning China, Wal-Mart is immovably dug in (Kearney, 2006, p6) inside China. Other writing concurs with such a perspective and Naughton for example expresses that for Wal-Mart, China s peaks to the greatest boondocks since it vanquished America (Naughton 2006). Having used PEST to comprehend the outer condition Wal-Mart needed to build up an appropriate section methodology for China. Already Wal-Mart in Canada, as expressed by Govindarajan and Gupta, utilized a procurement procedure. The purposes for such an advancement were, that Wal-Mart confronted generally little requirement for new learning, and therefore, entering through a vital coalition was pointless (Govindarajan and Gupta, 1999). China then again presents a totally different developing business sector, which at the hour of the Wal-Mart adventure had stayed a lot of undiscovered. Considering, a coalition or joint endeavor is the best passage technique to use, as a joint endeavor permits firms to survey the serious scene with more exactness (Hamel and Prahalad, 1989). Understanding this, Wal-Mart entered China based on a joint endeavor, which profited by their past securing experience. Part 3 3.1 Analytical Theory From a point by point PEST viewpoint this area will take a gander at the individual P-E-S-T angles. It doubts whether the basic ideas of a PEST investigation, the political, monetary, social and mechanical ideas favor Wal-Mart in seeking after a passage methodology dependent on joint endeavors. It will do this by thinking about two parts of the passage procedure: 1) Did the Political, Economic, Social and Technological motivators favor Wal-Marts strat

Epistemology and Skepticism Essay Example for Free

Epistemology and Skepticism Essay * Epistemology and Skepticism: How does The Matrix represent the test of distrust about the outer world? Clarify, talk about, and fundamentally assess the mind flight contention for complete epistemological incredulity. Be certain your exposition incorporates a conversation of either Hospers or Crumley IIs analysis of complete epistemological distrust. Is finished epistemological suspicion a sensibly rational hypothesis? Bolster your answer with an all around contemplated contention liberated from any significant mistakes of actuality, false notion or intelligent logical inconsistency. I. Presentation * The framework addresses the idea of the real world. * How would we be able to know for sure that the world is how we see it and not only a shroud over our eyes? * Explain film caught in virtual world accepting they are in 21st century * Explanation proposes question, what is genuine? II. Primary concerns. * Main Character Morpheus: â€Å"What is ‘real’? How would you characterize ‘real’? In the event that genuine is essentially what you can feel, smell, taste and see, at that point ‘real’ is basically electrical signs deciphered by your mind. † * Consequently, â€Å"How would we be able to be certain our mind isn’t being deceived by some recreation to accept things are genuine, when they aren’t? This is the manner by which lattice proposes the test of epistemological suspicion. * Hallucination contention: Modus Tollens, question sufficiency (legitimate) 1. On the off chance that we gangs information (K) we should have the option to preclude the chance of methodical mind flight (S). K S 2. ~S (the framework theory. ) (MT 1) 3. ~ K ( MT 1 2) * One arguer against suspicion: John Hospers * Merely verbal * Skeptics take solid feeling of the word information, must have confirmation consistently * Others utilize feeble sense, which means we possibly need verification or proof just when somebody is demonstrating something else. * Doubt is an unfilled word. * Basic point: when a test has been never really question we have a valid justification to trust it is valid, in this way we have information. III. End * Skeptics accept information is ridiculous, for this situation the pipedream contention demonstrates the premises are valid through Modus Tollens. Despite the fact that the contention is sound, it is reckless on the grounds that doubters accept they realize that they don’t truly â€Å"know† anything. In addition, complete epistemological distrust is certainly not a sensibly cognizant view in light of the fact that the contention being asserted would require the individual to have information to direct such contention.

Investments class (Measure for t-bond & funds historical data) Assignment

Ventures class (Measure for t-security and assets chronicled information) - Assignment Example Hypothetically, a bond resembles a stock or an offer which gives a kind of profit to its holder. It is one of the most significant sorts that goes under the ambit of fund and it is significant from the perspective of budgetary specialist to dissect the equivalent (Bodie, Zvi, Alex Kane, and Alan, pp. 44-55). There is a noteworthy relationship has been found among the loan cost and bond valuation. A rate at which the premium is paid by the borrowers in outcomes of utilizing the cash explicitly acquires from a moneylender. Loan fee specifically is a percent of chief paid by a specific sum for every annum. Financing cost is one of the most significant from the angle of a nation and it is likewise esteems a positive and huge device go under the ambit of fiscal approach. Nations with a high loan cost would not be considered as monetarily feasible in light of the fact that the expense of working together in these nations would be high. Loan fee has its own acknowledgment for the organizati ons, particularly for the new organizations who need to enter in another nation. There are number of nations which diminished its key strategy rate just to build the degree of acquiring in the economy which may expanded the money related and monetary capability of the economy all in all. There are number of techniques to esteem a bond and it is basic to esteem it appropriately, so as to build the acknowledgment. Securities rely vigorously on yields, financing costs and development arrangements. The primary point of view of this task is to respond to a portion of the inquiries identified with bond examination and valuation. There are four distinct undertakings which have been required for a similar examination. The elements of assets as for the adjustments in time has been connected to the headways or the patterns enrolled in the contemporary world. The inclination of each model against another has been pegged on the related dangers and the gainfulness that might be created from the choice of inclination. The differentiation of one model of assets to another can be introduced by means of the assessment of the methodology or strategies that are conveyed through the acknowledgment of the possible points. Other contributory elements that aid the assessment of the progressions made by a model of inclination can be sourced from the administering standards regarding commitment and membership. Common subsidizes center around pooling together dangers as far as speculation. Little financial specialists pool their money related an incentive under one crate, along these lines adjusting themselves for a fortified venture. The subtitle point that is routinely evolved through this methodology is the way that the speculation is demonstrated alongside a keen stage (Kent, Mark, Russ and Sheridan, pp. 15-20). The progression of fiscal ventures under common assets has posted critical alterations over the multi year time frame. A reflection on the annular presentation of a common store based speculator, for example, Cohen and Steers Realty Shares (CSRSX), mirrors the showed pattern. This association has been posting blended alterations in its annular income review. The flutualtion of common assets in the investigation could be broke down here with the beneath referenced table and diagram, Â Mutual Funds Close End Funds ETFs UIT Total 1995 2,811 143 1 73 3,028 1996 3,526 147 2 72 3,747 1997 4,468 152 7 85 4,712 1998 5,525 156 16 94 5,791

Curare essays

Curare papers 1. Woowara otherwise called curare is a white powder substance getting from Surinam. Curare is an amazingly deadly toxin even in the littlest of amounts. Curare was utilized by the locals of Surinam to actuate moderate passings those that wronged them in times previously. This toxic substance was utilized from a conventional perspective, in addition to the fact that it was successful at ending life, however a message of earnestness was sent. To drink with an individual that had no motivation to presume there measurement at that point slip them the deadly medication. Similarly as they had a sense of security was all the better retribution. Circumstantially enough Silas Deane kicked the bucket from a toxin. Likewise as strange Edward Bancroft was a specialist on harms and their emblematic implications as appeared by his examinations and book of Guiana. 2. Skipper John Smith was an author that distributed his first book in 1624. Commander Smiths first book was known as A generall historie of Virginia. Chief Smith composed this book from direct, onlooker accounts. Smith did a great deal of voyaging when he joined up with the Virginia Company of London. As an essayist Captain Smith wrote in incredible detail brings up and developing now and then non-significant realities. The view smith composed from came for the most part from his perspective, while the occasion was going on, this impacted his composing style incredibly since his way to deal with depicting occasions had not been utilized previously. Individuals had an issue getting it. Early English pioneers, in spite of every one of their disparities, make them thing in the same manner as todays Americans, they are wary of progress. Like insightful with commander Smiths composing style. This various makes individuals get some information about the authenticity of his cases. Smith had an astounding quick paced life. He began as a trooper in focus Europe. In the wake of being took prisoner, where he ordinarily would have spent an amazing remainder, he figured out how to escape with the assistance of a Greek princess. This is a case of the sort of stories commander smith composed about.... <!

VIDEO Box Bullet Method of Note Taking - EasyBib blog

VIDEO Box Bullet Method of Note Taking - EasyBib blog (1) It’s a never ending search trying to find clever hacks and new techniques to make the note taking process easier for our students. Many websites and apps offer features and tools to help stay on task and organized. One tried and true note taking method that has lasted the test of time? The good ol’ Box and Bullet Method. The Box and Bullet Method is a simple note taking strategy. There are many other types of note taking strategies, such as mapping and outlining, but the box and bullet method is one of the easiest to use. This note taking strategy requires students and researchers to extract the main ideas and supporting details from sources. Each main idea is placed in a box and the supporting details are written directly below, next to bullet points. If you’d like to show your students the power of the Box and Bullet Method, check out our brief, informative video. ? In just over a minute, your students will learn how to: Organize their paper or document Extract the central ideas and supporting details from a source Handle longer texts Help your students stay organized and successful throughout the research process by sharing our Box and Bullet Method video with them. Don’t forget to remind your students to cite their sources! Whether they’re citing in MLA style, APA, or another style, has all of the tools needed to create citations.

Production Reduce Global Warming Example For Free - Free Essay Example

INTRODUCTION Global warming is defined as temperature increase world wide due to green house gases emission and cause deletion to ozone layer [1]. It mainly occurred due to the burning of fuel, Green house gases include chloro- fluorocarbon (CFC), carbon dioxide, nitrous dioxide, methane, sulphur dioxide. Carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxides are the major gases that cause global warming, co2 and so2 are mainly emitted from the burning of fossil fuel. Bio fuels are replaced for petroleum or fuels from fossils and they emit very low amount of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide [2]. The bio-fuels are also used as the either partially or totally substitute in vehicle engines [3]. BACKGROUND Bio-fuels are the fuels obtain from plants (www.biomass.uk.com/glossary.php). And these fuels are gaseous, liquids or solids. Liquid bio fuels are categorised into bio diesel, bio alcohol and bio Ethanol[4].ethanol is bio-fuel, is mainly produced from corn while alcohol distillation. Ethanol is a produced more from sugar cane and maize as compare to the corn [5]. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CASE: (Are bio-fuels a feasible option? By Jose Goldemberg, Patricia Guardabassi) According to the case, Brazil is one of the highest producers of ethanol from sugarcane (Goldemberg, 2007).Ethanol is a good alternative for gasoline (Moreira and Goldemberg, 1999),ethanol produced in brazil from a sugar cane can be used as a substitute for gasoline(Mathews, 2007), If ethanol is from agricultural product it does not contain any impurities like sulphur dioxide which commonly found in fossil fuels and proper practices of agriculture reduce green house gases(Goldemberg, 2007), united state states producing ethanol from maize leads to deforestation (Laurence (2007) ),reduction of greenhouse gases cannot reduced only by decreasing but also decreased by environmental indicator factor like deforestation and reducing ash (Searchinger et al. (2008)).when compare with gasoline produced from maize and sugarcane ,maize emits 18%less CO2 where as from sugarcane reduce about 91%less CO2(Goldemberg, 2007).the world 6%of land is used for cultivating crops, so bio-fuels results pri ce of crops increased(FAO, 2007).but not all bio-fuels have same impact on prices of food ,the ethanol produced from sugar in brazil have no impact on sugar prices (Goldemberg, 2007).The larger amount of ethanol is exported from southern hemisphere countries like brazil, which has good agricultural resources like land and climatic conditions suitable for sugar cane used for ethanol production(Mathews, 2007),so production from sugarcane decrease deforestation( Searchinger et al. (2008)). The use of bio-fuels decreases pollution, deforestation and also no effect on the price of crops. Case study about Biodiesel from microalgae According to the articles biodiesel is also produced micro algae .Micro algae are driven from sunlight cell that is used for the production bio-fuels, foods by utilization of carbon dioxide (Walter et al., 2005), it produces different types of renewable fuels. micro algae can be obtained from hydro carbons, lipids (Banerjee et al., 2002; Metzger and Largeau, 2005; Guschina and Harwood, 2006), Methane is produced from algal biomass by algal digestion (Spolaore et al 2005).biodiesel from liquid algal biomass (Gavrilescuand Chisti, 2005) algal biomass can be produced majorly by two process raceway pond and photo synthesis bio reactor; the raceway ponds is 0.3m diameter circular pounds having pure water is used for biomass production and in photosynthetic bioreactor production consist of an array of glass or transparent plastic tubes and photo bioreactor is used for capture of sunlight and it produce more biomass as compare to the race pound in a hectare. The us government is sponsorin g for the study of biomass production of race way pond (Sheehan et al., 1998), fuels produced from the algae government kept regulations such as ASTM bio diesel standard6751(Knothe, 2006) and EU have certain standards for biodiesel used for transportation such as STANDARD EN 14214 and STANDARD EN 14213(Knothe, 2006).the cost of production by photosynthetic bio reachtor is cheap compare to race way pound and the cost of biomass per kg is $2.9 to$3.5(Humphreys, 1991; Molina,Grima et al., 2003). So production cost can be decreased by using genetically modified and photo engineering technologies, so production of biodiesel from micro algae can be used as alternative for fossil fuels. Comparison; Both the cases are related to production of biofuel in terms of economical and environmental factors, In the case about ethanol from and biodiesel from algae are used for the substitute for the fossil fuels. Majorly Brazil is using sugar cane for the ethanol production (Goldemberg, 2007)where as now US is developing technology for the production biodiesel from biomass(Sheehan et al., 1998).Ethanol and biodiesel reduce sulphur dioxide .ethanol from sugar cane decrease deforestation and in the case of bio diesel from algae produced from waste water treatment such as photosynthetic bioreactor and race way ponds, brazil have favorable climate for the production of sugar and for the algae is suite for all types of climates and mainly from waste water but it is in experimental level and no company producing from algae, Ethanol produced from the sugar cane decrease 91%of co2(Goldemberg, 2007), But biodiesel production from biomass by use of co 2 which is produced by power plants using fossil fuels(Sawayama et al., 1995; Yun et al., 1997). Ethanol production leading to the deforestation but in the case of biomass production only by sunlight and water, ethanol produced from sugar cane economically efficient but in case of production of biodiesel it is very costlier. Bio fuel from crops has negative effect like food prices. Ethanol produced from sugar is used as gasoline and methane is produced from biomass .ethanol can be produced by Conclusion There are many benefits for the environment, economy and consumers in using bio-fuels. Bio-oil can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels to generate heat, power and/or chemicals. Bio-fuels are made from biomass through thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction and supercritical fluid extraction or biochemical processes. Biochemical conversion of biomass is completed through alcoholic fermentation to produce liquid fuels and anaerobic digestion or fermentation to produce biogas. In wood derived pyrolysis oil, specific oxygenated compounds are present in relatively large amounts. Basically, the recovery of pure compounds from the complex bio-oil is technically feasible but probably economically unattractive because of the high costs for recovery of the chemical and its low concentration in the oil. Ethanol, bio-diesel and bio-gas are the most useful fuels from agricultural sources. Ethanol demand is expected to more than double in the next ten ye ars. For the supply to be available to meet this demand, new technologies must be moved from the laboratories to commercial reality. The world ethanol production is about 60% by feedstock from sugar crops. Most of the bio-diesel that is currently made uses soybean oil, methanol and an alkaline catalyst. The high value of soybean oil as a food product makes production of a cost effective fuel very challenging. However, there are large amounts of low cost oils and fats such as restaurant waste and animal fats that could be converted to bio-diesel.

Louisa May Alcott in My Contraband Essay - 1725 Words

Louisa May Alcott in My Contraband Louisa May Alcott is an American Novelist best known as the author of the novel â€Å"Little Women†. Louisa was born in November 1982, grew up in Germantown- Washington D.C and was known to be an abolitionist, feminist and also a naturalist. Being a naturalist meant that she believed that nothing existed beyond the natural earth i.e. no such thing as spirituality or the supernatural. Her family suffered from financial difficulties and so Alcott had to work to support her family in an early age. She penned the story â€Å"My Contraband† (1869) which was formerly known as â€Å"The Brothers† (1863). Contraband was a black slave who escaped to or was brought within union lines (Alcott 759). In â€Å"My Contraband†, Louisa†¦show more content†¦Half amazed; but I was satisfied, and said no more† (Alcott 769). The sad thing is he took Lucy away forcefully, but not because he loved her, he just wanted to be wicked to Robert. From every indication he did not need her or love her, but all he was interested in was destroying Robert’s life. More to that, there is one last wicked act Marster Ned commits at the end of the story: Robert’s friend narrates to Miss Dane how Robert died, he said Marster Ned and Robert went at each other at the war front and he saw Marster Ned get the sword straight through Robert (Alcott 771). From the quotes above, one can deduce that Marster Ned was a forceful and brutal beast. He did not care or have feelings for how the other party felt. This kind of treatment despite being horrible and brutal, depicts the actual social treatment towards minorities. Apart from just the antagonist’s behaviors, there is much passion in the text. Another characteristic the author uses to portray the racial discrimination during this era was Passion. The author uses passion to show that despite the treatment towards Robert he was no less of a human. Passion was as evident throughout our text as our narrator narrates both on her side and Robert’s. From her words â€Å"Feeling decidedly more interest in the black man than in the white, I glanced furtively at him as I scattered chloride of lime. I had seen much contraband, butShow MoreRelated`` My Contraband `` By Louisa May Alcott1850 Words   |  8 PagesLouisa May Alcott’s â€Å"My Contraband† explores the controversial aspects of gender roles, interracial relationships, sexual desires, and political imagination during the climax of the American Civil War. Alcott’s viewpoint and argument is framed by utilizing main characters that would have been considered stereotypically inferior peoples at the time: Faith Dane (a female nurse) and Robert (a mixed â€Å"mulatto† and freed slave). The author daringly challenges views held by a majority of the U.S. populationRead MoreLittle Women, By Louisa May Alcott866 Words   |  4 PagesLouisa May Alcott was born and raised in Massachusetts from a financially struggling family, which will soon change due to Louisa’s writing talents. Louisa was homeschooled the majority of her childhood, which sparked her writing career. Many of her life experiences influenced her writing but the main one, that got her started, was her father, Amos Bronson Alcott, a philosopher and teacher. As she grew older, she befriended abolitionists, she soon becomes a part of, which greatly influence her laterRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War1329 Words   |  6 Pageshardships. Women were forced to continue their work load while taking on the responsibilities of husbands, fathers, and sons. Union troops often took the male slaves leaving women and children to fend for themselves. Many were f orced to live in â€Å"contraband camps† that were overly crowded. Shelter was not sufficient, needed supplies were not available, and abuse was often experienced from the soldiers. Women and children were often given the opportunity to learn to read and write. In addition, schools

The Effect Of Using Narrative On Teaching Vocabulary

The Effect of Using Story in Teaching Vocabulary Introduction The effect of using story when teaching vocabulary incorporates as the best-approved evidence-based instructional strategy targeted at improving children ability to read and write. Vocabulary taught at kindergarten assists in improving the children ability to communicate effectively with peers and learn effectively. The strategy was developed to assist children in finding the necessary skills required for improving language ability as well as develop effective communication among children in the kindergarten. Additionally, word level skills such as word recognition and coding become possible because vocabulary taught allows the children to learn language abilities and attain high-level performance in equal measures across all the subjects(Graves, August, Mancilla, 2012). The language ability of children improves especially for native speakers because vocabularies learnt assist the children in establishing comprehension and well-writing abilities across all subjects. Comp rehension of various vocabularies becomes easy because the strategy establishes necessary skills among the children that give them the ability to analyze complex words and implement the same words in the relevant context. 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Abusive marketing strategies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2790 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Topics: Act Essay Did you like this example? Brief : 193232 Delivery Date : 26/02/2007 Title: Alpha, a large German firm, is the leading provider in the EU of VCMP tuning box.. VCMP tuning box is essential for the operation of video and satellite phones. Alpha has a market share in the EU of 58%. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Abusive marketing strategies" essay for you Create order It has few competitors. The largest among them holds a market share of 15%. VCMP tuning box requires substantial research and development as well as a significant amount of know-how. Alpha has invested a lot of money on it in the last five years. VMCP tuning box cannot be performed without a spare tool known in the sector as the link. Alpha produces its own version of this tool, Key, which has proved to be much more reliable than those tools produced by Alphas competitors. Alpha sells Key to a variety of customers. The formula of Key is protected by patents in the majority of the Member states on the EU. Key tool is compatible only with VCMP tuning box.. Beta, a UK firm and one of Alphas competitors, has come to learn about the following behaviour on the part of Alpha: a) Alpha refuses to provide VCMP tuning boxes to customers who purchase the link from another source b) Alpha reduces its prices to customers which Alpha suspects are about to switch to obtain tuning boxes from other competitors c) Alpha enjoys a market share of 98% in Spain, where it has developed a very sophisticated distribution network. Alpha denies access to its distribution network by its competitors.. d) Alpha offers substantial discounts to French customers if they exceed the number of Key tools purchased in the preceding year. Advise Alpha whether any of its arrangements might infringe Article 82 EC Treaty. What further information would you require from Alpha? ANSWER Alpha can be advised that Article 82 of the Treaty of Rome[1] controls the unilateral conduct of firms which have an economically powerful or so-called dominant position in the markets in which they participate. Article 82 provides that:[2] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Any abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position within the common market or in a substantial part of it shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market in so far as it may affect trade between Member States.. Such a buse may, in particular, consist in a) directly or indirectly imposing unfair purchase or selling prices or other unfair trading conditions; b) limiting production, markets or technical development to the prejudice of consumers; c) applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; d) making the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Alpha should note that dominance is not unlawful per se under Article 82. However, business that are found to be in a dominant position within at least a substantial part of the Single Market may contravene Article 82 if they are deemed to abuse their market power so as to obtain exorbitant profits or a competitive advantage of some kind. In order to consider Alphaà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s potential liability under Article 82 it is first necessary to define the relevant market that will be considered by the European Commission and ultimately the Court of Justice. The relevant market is comprised of two aspects: the relevant product market and the relevant geographic market. The relevant product market in this case will be defined as the market in the VCMP tuning box alone, given that the box is essential for the operation of video and satellite phones and according to the facts presented there are no alternative or substitutable products available. If any substitutable products are available these may form part of the product market. As Michelin v EC Commission[3] indicates, an Article 82 product market will be deemed to include any product which is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equivalent to or interchangeable for the specific product being marketed by the dominant companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It is in the Commissionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interests to define the product market as narrowly as possible because this facilitates the task of finding dominance and Alpha should be advised that it will need to raise a strong argument to seek to expand the product market in this case. Given that the VCMP tuning box cannot readily be substituted or replaced by any alternative product, it will be treated as forming a relevant product market of its own. Europemballage Corp and Continental Can v EC Commission[4] confirms this advice. The geographic market in question will be viewed as the European Union market as a whole in relation to the first two issues under consideration (a) and (b), given that Alphaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behaviour in those instances is apparently the same across the EU. Often only parts of the EU market are considered in isolation but in this case given Alphaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s huge EU-wide market share this will not be deemed necessary. In relation to part (c) the geographic market under consideration will be Spain only, given that Alpha à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behaviour in that specific context is exclusive to that territory.. In relation to part (d) the relevant geographic market will be deemed to be the territory of France only, given that its behaviour is confined to that state. It is submitted that both France and Spain individually will be deemed substantial parts of the EU market necessary to justify the application of Article 82. There is a fairly low threshold for substantiality in this context. In Suiker Unie v Commission[5] the small states of Belgium and Luxembourg were deemed a sufficiently substantial part of the Community and in Corsica Ferries Italia Ltd v Corpo dei Piloti del Porto di Genova[6] the single port of Genoa was found to qualify.[7] Given that Alpha enjoys a massive 58 per cent market share across the entirety of the European Union there is no doubt that the company will be found to enjoy a dominant position.. In the case United Brands v Commission[8], which concerned abuse of a dominant p osition on the EEC[9] banana market by a company with a market share of 40 per cent, the Commission and the Court had no difficulty in finding dominance. Moreover, given that the remainder of the market is fragmented, with the largest of its competitors commanding a market share of only 15 per cent, Alphaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 58 per cent share will be viewed as even more dominant in the EU market than if it competed against one other company with a very large market share. In addition, the fact that the VCMP tuning box requires substantial research and development as well as a significant amount of know-how and that Alpha has invested a lot of money on this in the last five years, serves only to buttress the dominance enjoyed by Alpha. The huge RD start up costs present a formidable barrier to entry for potential new competitors and this factor was taken into account in cases such as Tetra Pak Rausing SA (II) v Commission[10]. In summary of the above it is possible to advise Alpha that it will be deemed dominant in all four relevant product markets that will be isolated in order to evaluate its behaviour identified in parts (a) to (d). These specific instances of conduct will now be examined on that basis. a) Alpha refuses to provide VCMP tuning boxes to customers who purchase the link from another source It is noted that Alpha produces its own version of this tool, Key, and that the Key has proved to be much more reliable than those tools produced by Alphas competitors. However, Alpha must be advised that this conduct is highly likely to be viewed as anti-competitive and in contravention of Article 82 EC by both the Commission and the European Court of Justice. Article 82 provides the following express example of anti-competitive abuse: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“d) making the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subje ct of such contracts.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It is therefore prima facie unlawful to make the conclusion of a contract to provide VCMP tuning boxes subject to a contract to purchase the Key. It is of no relevance that the Key is more reliable than its competitorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ links. The Commission will argue that such trading behaviour is unnecessary and that the Key should be allowed to assert its natural superiority while leaving customers free to choose. The economic freedom of consumers is jealously and strictly guarded in the Single Market.[11] Alpha can be advised that its behaviour in this context will be viewed as an attempt to force so-called tying-in agreements on its customers. Such agreements tie the purchase of certain goods to the purchase of other goods. It is considered blatant abuse of Article 82. The case Hoffman La Roche v Commission[12] saw such tying-in agreements heavily penalised and the case Boosey Hawkes[13] saw refusals to supply goods fined. There appe ars to be no objective justification for Alphaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behaviour in this regard and trade between member states is certainly being affected given the EU-wide scope of this practice. In conclusion, Alpha is liable to be sanctioned by the Commission for this behaviour and that sanction is most likely to be upheld by the Court. b) Alpha reduces its prices to customers which Alpha suspects are about to switch to obtain tuning boxes from other competitors Alpha can be advised that Article 82 sets down the following example of abusive activity: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“c) applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage;à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  If Alpha is reducing its prices to certain customers it fears are about to move their business then it is subjecting its other more loyal customers to a competitive disadvantage, because they are still required to pay a higher price. This form of price d iscrimination is unacceptable anti-competitive conduct and will be penalised by the Commission.. Moreover this strategy may be treated as predatory pricing by the Commission.. Predatory pricing occurs where a dominant undertaking temporarily reduces its prices to an uneconomic level, possibly below cost price, in order to undercut its rivals and prevent an increase in the competition it faces. Typically once the rival has been deterred from the market and customer loyalty is secured prices are raised again and the company can return to reaping de facto monopoly profits by increasing its prices again. The Commission has sanctioned predatory pricing practices in numerous cases, such as AKZO Chemie BV v Commission[14] and Alpha must be advised that it is also liable to be penalised for this policy. Furthermore, looking at the scenario from the perspective that this reduction in price strategy could be viewed as a system of loyalty rebates, the Commission will most likely come to the same conclusion and sanction Alpha. Loyalty rebates have been found to create discriminatory pricing and penalised in cases including Hoffman La Roche v Commission[15] c) Alpha enjoys a market share of 98% in Spain, where it has developed a very sophisticated distribution network. Alpha denies access to its distribution network by its competitors.. Alpha has almost total dominance and a rare pure monopoly in the Spanish market. The European Commission may conclude that the sophisticated distribution network it has managed to establish as a consequence of this dominance should be treated as what is known as an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“essential facilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The doctrine of essential facilities provides that where a dominant undertaking owns or controls a facility that is necessary to conduct a business, but which could not practically be reproduced by a competing undertaking or a potentially competing undertaking, the dominant undertaking may be obliged, in the absence of o bjective justification, to make the facility available to the competitor on reasonable terms. This doctrine has typically been applied in the case of permitting access to sea ports on fair terms, for example by ferry operators which obviously require such access in order to carry out their business, and a case in point is B I Line plc v Sealink[16]. In the B I Line case the dominant operator of the essential facility was ordered to allow a competitor access to the port in question, and that access was required to be provided on fair and reasonable terms so as to facilitate fully competitive activity. Alpha can be advised that this situation may be deemed analogous to its monopolistic distribution network, without access to which competitors may be unable to enter the Spanish market and trade profitably. Alpha can attempt to defend its position and reserve its exclusive right to use the network by raising an objective justification.[17] The company could argue that if it were forced to open up its distribution network to competitors it would be less inclined to make the necessary investments to maintain its sophistication, efficiency and integrity given that other firms will be benefiting from that investment. Further particulars are sought on this issue before concrete advice can be offered. Alpha must also be advised that this scenario could be viewed as a refusal to supply a service.. This has been considered abusive activity in such cases as Belgian Telemarketing[18]. Such an activity will in particular be held to infringe Article 82 where supply is essential to the trade or where refusal prevents the introduction of new products in demand as in the case Tiercƒ © Ladbroke v Commission.[19] d) Alpha offers substantial discounts to French customers if they exceed the number of Key tools purchased in the preceding year. Alpha can be advised that Article 82 expressly states that abusive activity includes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“c ) applying dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage;à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This practice of discriminatory pricing is prima facie unlawful given that customers who do not exceed former purchasing levels are penalised in equivalent transactions in relation to customers that have met Alphaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conditions. It is conceivably possible that Alpha could objectively justify this strategy as rewarding improved performance or on grounds of passing on economies of scale, but further particulars must be sought as to Alphaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s full commercial justification for this pricing policy.. Moreover, it is noted that these discounts are apparently only available to French customers.. Further particulars are sought on this matter, because if customers in other member states are denied this discount then regardless of any argument to objectively justify the practice in France it will almost c ertainly be deemed unlawful if it is not applied uniformly across the EU.[20] Differential pricing strategies based on national markets were rejected as abusive in, for example, United Brands v Commission[21]. In Summary This paper has provided specific advice to Alpha as to the Article 82 EC enforcement mechanism and its application to these facts. Abusive and potentially abusive conduct has been identified under the specified heads of activity and further information has been requested on various points. THE END EXACT WORD COUNT FOR ANSWER ONLY : 1987 (excluding footnotes) GLOBAL DOCUMENT WORD COUNT : 2615 NB. The full text cite of Article 82 is provided for information purposes only and has not been included in the answer word count for this paper. BIBLIOGRAPHY Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community: https://europa..eu.int/eurlex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/C_2002325EN.003301.htm EC Legislation 2005-2006, Foster (2005) Blackstoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Statutes Law of the European Union, Kent, P., (2001) Longman Textbook on EC Law, Steiner and Woods, (1998) Blackstone Publishing EU Law- Text Cases and Materials, Craig and de Burca, (2003), Oxford University Press Recent Guidance on Fining Policy, Spink, P., [1999] European Competition Law Review, 101-108. Cases as footnoted, checked and verified against original law reports. 1 [1] Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community: EC Legislation 2005-2006, Foster (2005) Blackstones Statutes: https://europa.eu.int/eurlex/lex/en/treaties/dat/12002E/htm/C_2002325EN.003301.htm. [2] The text of Article 82 is provided for information purposes only and is not included in the word count. [3] Case 322/81 [1983] ECR 3461. [4] Case 6/72 [1973] ECR 215. [5] Cases 40/73 [1976] 1 CMLR 295. [6] Case 18/93 [1994] ECR I-1783. [7] For further comment see: Law of the European Union, Kent, P., (2001) Longman, page 254. [8] Case 27/76 [1978] ECR 207. [9] The European Economic Community as it then was, prior to the establishment of the EC and the Single Market. [10] T-51/89 [1991] 4 CMLR 334. [11] For an insightful general overview see: Textbook on EC Law, Steiner and Woods, (1998) Blackstone, page 236. [12] Case 85/76, [1979] ECR 461. [13] OJ 1987 L286/36. [14] Case 62/86, [1987] 1 CMLR 225. [15] Case 85/76, [1979] ECR 461. [16] [1992] 5 CMLR 255. [17] There is no derogation provision in Article 82 such as is provided in Article 81 by Article 81(3). The concept of objective justification is the case law alternative available under Article 82. See for an overview: EU Law- Text Cases and Materials, Craig and de Burca, (2003), Oxford University Press. [18] Case 311/84 [1986] 2 CLRR 588. [19] Case T-504/93 [1997] ECR II-923. [20] See for specific guidance: Recent Guidance on Fining Policy, Spink, P., [1999] European Competition Law Review, 101-108, p.106. [21] C27/76 [1978] ECR 207.

The Necessity of Autonomy (Free Will) in Society Essays

The Necessity of Autonomy (Free Will) in Society â€Å"Human nature is not a machine to be built after a model, and set to do exactly the work prescribed for it, but a tree, which requires to grow and develop itself on all sides, according to the tendency of the inward forces which make it a living thing.† John Stuart Mill explicitly describes the necessity of autonomy or free will in society to insure the happiness of all. From this perspective one can recognize that autonomy should not only be unconditionally allowed, but also as an aspect of man that was developed along with the ability to reason. In accordance with the natural evolution of man as a rationale being, to limit one’s autonomy would be to deny the very ability that has†¦show more content†¦However, this idea does not prove to give support to the negation of importance of autonomy. In fact, because the individual does interact with the environment, the need for individual freedom in making choices because inherent. In addition, Mill suppor ted the belief that, â€Å"Each is the proper guardian of his own heath, whether bodily or mental and spiritual.† Therefore, by limiting autonomy the assumption would have to be made that the individual no longer has the ability to be the guardian of themselves. This concept can not be universally applied; independent of the structure of government in a particular society, because of the agreement that man is a rational being. With the negation of autonomy, comes the negation of reason and responsibility of man. Despite any argument for the need for control over society through limitations of autonomy, the natural instincts to choose freely in daily life will still persist. 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Night Creature Blue Moon Chapter 41 Free Essays

I sat next to Zee for quite awhile. No one bothered me. She’d been my best friend. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 41 or any similar topic only for you Order Now My only friend. And I had loved her. I didn’t trust many people, but she had been one of them. Look where that had gotten me. â€Å"Jessie?† I glanced up. Mandenauer and Will hovered over me. There wasn’t a wolf in sight. â€Å"I’ve called my team,† Mandenauer said. â€Å"They’ll be here within the hour.† â€Å"Your team?† â€Å"We have to do something about this, yes?† He indicated the empty clearing. â€Å"What’s this?† He sighed. â€Å"Jessie, the wolves ran off when Zelda died.† â€Å"Won’t they be cured now that she’s dead?† â€Å"There is no cure but the silver.† â€Å"Oh.† I saw what he was getting at. â€Å"How are you going to figure out who’s a werewolf?† â€Å"A few of them I know. Miss Cherry, for instance. Karen Larson.† I shook my head. â€Å"I saw Karen get her brains blown out.† â€Å"With lead. She walked out of that morgue, and her principal, too.† â€Å"Clyde shot her,† I insisted. â€Å"Exactly. He knew better than to shoot one of his own with silver.† The conspiracies just kept on coming. Mandenauer leaned over and removed the totem from Zee’s neck. He held the thing aloft. The icon no longer glowed with evil, otherworldly light. It was a black stone, nothing more. â€Å"Elise will want to study this.† He pocketed the totem. Picking up Zee’s torn trousers, he glanced at Will. â€Å"Take Jessie home.† â€Å"No, wait. I’m okay.† I shoved away Will’s helping hand. â€Å"I don’t understand. Why did she die? She said she was invincible.† â€Å"That is what they all say, but I have never found it to be true.† Mandenauer withdrew a creased sheet of paper from Zee’s pocket. His eyes moved back and forth rapidly as he read it. Then he lifted his head and held the paper out to me. I crossed the short distance and took the missing page from Will’s book of ceremonies. Quickly I scanned the contents. There was nothing there I didn’t already know, except for one last thing. â€Å"As the blood of the one who loves gives life to the wolf god, only by that person’s hand can the god be destroyed.† I let the paper flutter to the ground. â€Å"She died because I shot her.† â€Å"Yes.† I wasn’t sure how I felt about that. â€Å"Go home, Jessie. Sleep. We will talk tomorrow.† â€Å"Won’t you be halfway across Canada chasing wolves by then?† â€Å"Not yet.† He nodded to Will. This time when Ca-dotte put his arm around me I let him. I awoke to the sunshine and my own bed. I didn’t remember how I’d gotten there. Will’s car had been nearby; Zee had made him drive. I’d climbed into the passenger seat, and I must have fallen asleep or passed out, because the last thing I did remember was driving through the darkened forest in the direction of the highway. I was alone and wearing nothing but my underwear. Not only had Cadotte carried me upstairs; he’d undressed me. Again. I took a shower, made some coffee. He’d left the note in the kitchen. If you ever need me, you know where to find me. Will. What was that supposed to mean? My mind tumbled back to last night. He’d been angry and hurt. I’d been a little preoccupied since. No time to discuss that anger. What did he want from me? Could I give him what he needed? I’d managed to use the L-word, but I didn’t know if I was capable of actually loving someone. Will still scared me more than the werewolves had. With him I had no control over myself. I gave him everything; I held nothing back. I wasn’t sure if I liked that in me. The doorbell rang. I didn’t realize how hopeful I’d been until the sight of Mandenauer in the hallway made me sigh with disappointment. â€Å"Come on in.† I got him coffee. We sat at the kitchen table. â€Å"Any news?† â€Å"We found a few.† I opened my mouth, then shut it again. I didn’t want to know the details. At least not right now. â€Å"The rest have scattered. My Jager-Suchers will disperse. We will hunt them down.† â€Å"I’m sorry.† I rubbed at the ache in my chest, the one that bore Zee’s name and probably always would. â€Å"I froze last night. You could have gotten them all and none of this would be necessary.† â€Å"You think this is your fault?† He appeared genuinely surprised as he shook his head. â€Å"No. The fault is mine. I was more careless than usual. My age, perhaps. A certain arrogance.† He sighed. â€Å"Which is why I am here this morning. I wish for you to become one of us.† â€Å"A Jaeger-Sucher?† â€Å"Yes. I must cut back on my field time. Not only because I appear to have lost my edge.† His shoulders slumped. â€Å"But there is so much more administrative work to do now.† â€Å"Now?† â€Å"The werewolf army Zelda created has increased the wolves a hundredfold. They will spread, as will the virus within them.† Hell. I hadn’t thought of that. Mandenauer had been hunting and searching since WWII, and now there were more wolves instead of less. No wonder he was depressed. â€Å"I have begun your training. With a little more work, you could do us proud. You would enjoy being a hunter-searcher. We make up our own rules as we go along.† I’d always liked rules, but in the last week and a half all I’d done was break them. Could I ever go back to the way things had been? Obviously Mandenauer didn’t think so. I got up and walked to the window. The sun was hot and strong. I couldn’t believe how bright and cheery the world appeared. How could that be after all that had happened in Miniwa? â€Å"Does everyone in town know what went on here?† â€Å"Hardly.† I turned. â€Å"How can we explain Zee and Clyde being gone – just like that?† â€Å"I have an entire division that deals with explaining disappearances. You need not trouble yourself over it.† I turned back to the sunshine. A secret society sanctioned by the government. Disappearances explained away by covert operatives. People who turned furry beneath the light of the moon. Little old ladies who wanted to be gods. And a whole host of other things I had yet to discover. I had never liked woo-woo. If there was another world out there not rooted in a reality I understood, then the safe, rational universe I cherished crumbled. I liked things to make sense, because so little did. But refusing to believe in the unbelievable didn’t make it disappear. Instead it only got stronger. I didn’t think I could stay here and continue to pretend Miniwa was safe. I couldn’t write traffic tickets and break up bar fights when out there werewolves roamed free. A flash at the edge of the woods caught my attention. Something white bobbing along, coming closer and closer. I slid the glass door open and stepped outside, but the movement was gone. â€Å"It’s Cadotte,† Mandenauer said from right behind me. Since I’d been thinking, hoping, the same thing, the ache in my chest lightened as I leaned over the railing. â€Å"If you decide to be a Jdger-Sucher you cannot have such an attachment.† It took me a moment to realize he hadn’t been referring to the white flash in the woods but to Cadotte in general. â€Å"Jager-Suchers must hunt supernatural evil, things that kill horribly. We cannot allow anyone to be used against us. Or hurt because of us. Do you understand what I’m saying?† I understood. I had to choose. Will or the job. In the past it would have been an easy decision. Today, not so much. As strongly as I felt about chasing werewolves, I felt more strongly about Will. I didn’t want to go back to the life I’d lived before he’d come into it. I didn’t think that I could. I needed him to be whole. The woman I’d become once I knew William Cadotte was the woman I wanted to be. I turned away from the woods. â€Å"Thanks for the offer, but I’ll have to chose Cadotte.† He blinked. â€Å"You what?† â€Å"You heard me.† â€Å"But†¦ but, Jessie. The world is being overrun.† â€Å"And I’m real sorry about that. But I love him. I never thought I’d feel that way about someone or have someone feel the same about me. I’m not giving that up. Not even to save the world.† He scowled and heaved a long, aggrieved sigh. â€Å"It has been nice working with you. You would have made a stellar addition to my team.† He shook my hand, bowed over it with stiff formality, managed to refrain from clicking his heels; then with a final nod, Edward Mandenauer left the building. â€Å"You tossed the world to the wolves for me?† I shrieked and spun around. Cadotte stood on my balcony. â€Å"I hate it when you do that!† â€Å"I should make more noise when I sneak up on you?† â€Å"Damn straight,† I grumbled, rubbing at my sternum, where my heart thudded and raced. His ear had a Band-Aid; his arm was wrapped in gauze. One eye was nearly swollen shut. He’d never looked better to me. Snaking his good arm around my waist, he yanked me against his body and kissed me – for a good long while. When he lifted his head, my eyes were heavy, but my heart still raced. He nuzzled my temple, kissed my hair. â€Å"No one ever gave up anything for me before.† â€Å"Yeah? Well, don’t let it go to your head, Slick.† â€Å"I doubt you’ll let me.† We stood there in each other’s arms. I held on tight. I didn’t want to let him go – ever. â€Å"What are you doing here? Your note said I was supposed to come to you.† â€Å"I was afraid you wouldn’t.† â€Å"You were wrong.† Will took my hand and led me into the apartment. I figured we’d head straight for the bedroom, but he surprised me by sitting on the couch and pulling me into his lap. â€Å"Tell me,† he whispered. I almost asked, â€Å"What?† except I knew. â€Å"I need you, Will. But – â€Å" â€Å"No buts. Just let me wallow in that awhile, hmm?† I shook my head. If we were going to do this, and it appeared as if we were, I wasn’t going to start with a lie. He had to know. â€Å"I’ve never loved anyone before,† I admitted. â€Å"I’m not sure I know how.† â€Å"Me, neither. We can learn together.† He was annoy-ingly cheerful. I didn’t think he was taking my doubts very seriously. â€Å"I don’t know if I can be what you need.† â€Å"You already are.† My belly went all warm and mushy. God, he was good at this. â€Å"I – â€Å" Will put his hand over my mouth and the doubts lay on my tongue unvoiced. â€Å"Jessie, I love you. I need you. I chose you. Do you feel the same way?† I looked into my heart, my head, my past, then I looked at him, and I saw my future, I kissed his palm, and his hand fell away from my mouth. â€Å"Yes,† I whispered. â€Å"Then that’s all I need.† Later, much later, as we lay in my bed and watched the sun dance on the ceiling, my phone rang. I ignored it, letting the machine pick up. Mandenauer’s voice filled the room. â€Å"Okay, Jessie, you can have Cadotte and the job. I suspect he can take care of himself anyway. In fact, ask him if he’d be interested in working with my research division. Then report to my cabin tomorrow morning.† The phone clicked off. I cuddled closer to Will’s side. â€Å"Well?† I asked. â€Å"What do you think?† â€Å"I am soon to be unemployed.† I twisted my head so I could see his face. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Summer school doesn’t last forever.† â€Å"Interested in Mandenauer’s offer?† I held my breath. I wanted that job, but I wanted Will more. â€Å"Sure. What the hell?† I couldn’t believe my luck. I got to save the world and get the guy. Hey, not every girl finds a love that comes along once in a blue moon. How to cite Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 41, Essay examples

Benefits of healthy eating and exercise Essay Example For Students

Benefits of healthy eating and exercise Essay Cardiovascular disease is known to be the leading cause of death. One would ponder upon the main cause of such a disease. When it comes to the risk factors, the two main causes of cardiovascular disease are lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating habits. â€Å"You are what you eat† is a common phrase, which is used to emphasize the significance of a healthy diet as key to a better health. For instance, if an individual consumes unhealthy meals on a daily basis, he or she would accumulate fat in their body and be unhealthy. Exercising and consuming healthy foods daily not only improve the health of an individual, but also extend his or her life span. The main benefits of exercising and nutrition include weight control, increased energy, better health, better mood, and stronger bones. A combination of healthy eating and exercising play a significant role in controlling in an individuals own weight. When exercising, one is not only able to prevent excess weight gains, but also maintain weight loss. People tend to gain weight when they burn fewer calories than the food they consume as well as including the calories that are burned during physical activity. An individual is able to control their own weight simply by consuming nutrient dense foods and low-calorie foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and protein. According to experts, at least 150 minutes to vigorous activity is needed for one to maintain their weight. For those who do not have the time to or cannot do an actual workout can lose weight by walking up the stairs instead of using the elevator. Thus, incorporating physical activity and healthy eating greatly play a major role in weight control. In addition, when an individual consumes healthy food. .recipes/features/how-food-affects-your-moods>. 3. Warner, Jennifer. Exercise Fights Fatigue, Boosts Energy. WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2013. . 4. How Food Affects Your Sleep. JoyBauer.com. N.p. , n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. joybauer.com/insomnia/how-food-affects-sleep.aspx>. 5. Komaroff, A.. N.p.. Web. 1 Dec 2013. health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/eating-to-boost-energy>. 6. You Are What You Eat: How Food Affects Your Mood. DUJS Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. . 7. Dietary Sodium, Heart Disease and Stroke-Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. heartandstroke.ca. N.p., n. d. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. com/site/c.ikI>.

Marlowes biographers often portray him as a dangerously over“ambitious individual Essay Example For Students

Marlowes biographers often portray him as a dangerously overâ€Å"ambitious individual Essay Christopher Marlowe lived during the Renaissance period in 16th century England. Although this was a time of change, the Elizabethans still had fixed moral values. The Chain of Being, a concept inherited from the Middle Ages, can be described as a hierarchy of society, with the monarch at the top and the lowliest peasants at the bottom. Below people were animals, plants and rocks. During the Elizabethan era, dangerous ambition would probably involve trying to break the Chain of Being and striving to increase ones social status. It was believed to be necessary to accept ones place in the chain, as to disrupt it and overcome the set order of society could mean chaos would follow. Faustus was an exceedingly ambitious man, even in relation to what is considered to be ambitious by people in todays society. In the prologue, The Chorus sums up Faustus background and early life, emphasizing his ordinary background and academic success. It seems that Faustus intellect made him become proud and this fired up his ambition. When Marlowe presents Faustus in scene 1, Faustus methodically shuns great authors and classically intellectual subjects, such as medicine and law because they hold little attraction to him, line 11 A greater subject fitteth Faustus wit. The above quote shows how Faustus elevates himself above taking up an intellectual pursuit that would be highly esteemed by the Elizabethans. Another sign that Faustus holds himself in high regard is that he refers to himself in the third person, also shown in the above quote. Faustus discusses beliefs that he will no longer hold and describes what he wants to achieve in his opening soliloquy. Faustus may be seen as blasphemous in the opening speech, implying that he would only be a doctor if he could be equal to God, lines24-6 Couldst thou make men live eternally Or, being dead raise them to life again, Then this profession were to be esteemed. This is made more obvious when Faustus lastly says, line 62 A sound magician is a mighty god. Marlowe portrays Faustus as being over-ambitious by his turning to magic, which is a much more sinister and much less conventional pursuit than others that he had been discussing previously. Faustus hopes that magic will make him omnipotent and god-like. There is little evidence to suggest that Marlowe himself wanted power over others, but his rise in society from a shoemakers son to a scholar at Cambridge University and later, a spy, was extremely rare at the time. Marlowe did not lead a normal Elizabethan life; in fact, one could say that it was similar to fiction. The over-ambitious part of Marlowes personality is reflected in Faustus because it seems Marlowe must have wanted success in his life, and to over-reach his set path in life. It becomes clearer as the play continues that Faustus is a dangerously ambitious person when in scene 3 he discusses the deal with a devil, Mephastophilis, concerning the selling of his soul to the Devil in return for earthly power. When Faustus makes the contract, it seems as if he is not thinking ahead as his attitude is carefree. He possibly does not believe in Hell, or that he has a soul, or about the reality of the bargain. His attitude at this point can be summed up by the following phrase Scene 4, lines 103-4, If I had as many souls as there be stars, Id give them all for Mephastophilis. Faustus ambition for power and lack of foresight are what doom him later on in play. .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c , .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .postImageUrl , .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c , .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c:hover , .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c:visited , .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c:active { border:0!important; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c:active , .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a81015808c3b304f89ade5ac4851d3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Who is to blame in The ?rucible? EssayArguably, ambition can be said to have caused the downfall of Marlowe himself. His violent murder in a London tavern in 1593 was mysterious and historians often question possible motives for killing Marlowe; his drive to succeed may have made other people envious and resentful. In Dr. Faustus, other characters are probably envious of Faustus too. In one of the comic scenes, scene 6, we learn that Robin and Rafe have stolen one of Faustus books and plan to use it to seduce a woman. They must have been jealous of Faustus power and his magical aptitude; however it is not the case that he is murdered by these characters later on in the play. Faustus is ambitious and enjoys his newfound power until the end of the play, despite being warned of the reality of his empty bargain by the Old Man and by the Good Angel throughout the play. The Old Man says in scene 12 lines 107-9, Ambitious fiends, see how the heavens smiles At your repulse, and laughs your state to scorn. Hence hell, for hence I fly unto God. This moment foreshadows Faustus lines at the end of the play, where, horrified, he must face the Devil and Hell. Faustus ambition makes him a more human character despite him his selling his soul to the Devil, which may make him more difficult for the audience to relate to because of the extraordinary situation. His intellect sometimes creates doubts in his mind about the bargain that he has made, but his ambition overrides his conscience until the very end. This is shown by the Good and Evil Angels, who appear in scenes 1 and 5. They are binary opposites and in my view are present to put another side to Faustus personality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a conscience. The Good Angel tries to motivate Faustus to repent by concentrating on Gods anger. However the Evil Angel contradicts the Good Angel, Scene 5 lines 253-6 EVIL ANGEL: Too late. GOOD ANGEL: Never too late, if Faustus can repent. EVIL ANGEL: If thou repent, devils shall tear thee in pieces. GOOD ANGEL: Repent, and they shall never rase thy skin. The Good and Evil Angels stichomythic dialogue is not too realistic and shows how torn Faustus is between the two sides. He is easily swayed and believes the angel that speaks last, but it is interesting to bear in mind that despite the warnings, his ambition stays with him to the end and leads to his downfall. Marlowe portrays Faustus ambition as dangerous; it was the cause of his demise. Perhaps Marlowe used the theme of over-ambition as a warning to the audience, who would be likely to be wary of ambition it was looked down on as a negative personality trait in Christian England. Ideas around at the time such as The Chain of Being reinforced religious opinion into peoples everyday lives and morality plays popular from the early 1400s to the 1580s were used to strengthen peoples Christian principles, as Dr. Faustus also does by discouraging ambition. Marlowe reflects ambition in the character of Faustus to deter the audience from being ambitious, and over-reaching their place in the Chain of Being. However, if Marlowe chose to be dangerously over-ambitious and regarded himself as this, it is likely that he may have written Dr. Faustus differently, not viewing ambition in such a negative way. Whatever Marlowes view on ambition was, it is not made clear in the play, through Faustus or other characters. Certain aspects of his personality are indeed reflected in Faustus, which make reading the play and exploring Faustus as a character even more intriguing.

A Few Different Silas Marner Essay Topics

A Few Different Silas Marner Essay TopicsWhile it might be easy to name several Silas Marner essay topics, you might still be confused as to what type of topic to choose. In fact, the student who is having trouble deciding on a topic will have difficulty in coming up with one of his own, and this can happen due to any number of reasons.One of the most common reasons for the student to come up with a topic of his own is that he has some sort of tie-in or association to Silas Marner, in which case the student has some knowledge of the person. For example, the student might have heard of Silas Marner because they met him at a club meeting that the student was in or attended. Also, the student might even have seen Silas Marner in some of the places the student took him, but the student doesn't know if the student ever met the player or if the student saw Silas Marner playing in the game.One of the reasons for this confusion is that there are many different types of Silas Marner essay top ics. The student might be worried that by writing about a particular type of Silas Marner, this might mean that the student won't be able to write a very good essay on the topic. The best way to avoid this problem is to simply choose a topic that is a little outside of the box, and then research the topic to make sure that the student has a better understanding of the topic than if he was just throwing out ideas and topics randomly.One of the reasons for the variety of Silas Marner essay topics is that there are several topics that are harder to write about than others. For example, there are topics that require more research to get right. These topics include things like personal issues, physical fitness, and even music.Another reason for the diversity of Silas Marner essay topics is that SilasMarner has many different types of personalities, making them difficult to write about. Additionally, the personalities of the players have also given rise to even more types of Silas Marner essay topics.Another reason for the variety of Silas Marner essay topics is that the player's achievements in terms of sportsmanship are also incredibly varied. There are the silent heroes, the silent offenders, and even those who have committed a crime that should never have been committed at all.The most important reason for the diversity of Silas Marner essay topics is that Silas Marner's sportsmanship is an attribute that all players can learn from, regardless of their skill. That's why some students feel a bit lost when thinking about what type of topic to choose.The best way to choose a topic for your Silas Marner essay is to study the traits that Silas Marner has so that you can understand how he can be such a great role model for the student. After that, the student can choose the topic of his choice based on what type of subject the student wants to write about.

Medicare United States Essay Example

Medicare United States Paper The government program which provides health insurance coverage to people 65 years and over in the United States is known as Medicare. Medicare is a single player health care system. A single player health care system is a system under which health care providers are only paid from a single fund. This system is considered to be a system of universal health care. It was signed into law on 30th July, 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson as a change to the social security legislation. When it was ratified President Johnson presented former President Harry S.  Truman with the first Medicare card making him the first beneficiary of Medicare in the United States (SeniorJournal. com, 2001). The true history of the program however goes back to 1945 when then President Harry S. Truman requested congress to create a national health insurance program. Due to the opposition of the Soviets at the time and rejection of communism, the dangers of socialized medicine were fiercely debated for the next 20 years. By the end of his term Truman backed away from his plan for universal health care. We will write a custom essay sample on Medicare United States specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medicare United States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medicare United States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, his rivals in the social security administration and other sections of government ran with the idea of insuring social security benefactors. When it was signed into law as part of Lyndon Johnson’s great society the Medicare Part B premium was three dollars a month. Part B premium serves the outpatient basis of the medical insurance and is geared towards those individuals who are retired or no longer working. Then in 1972 the program was expanded to include disabled individuals who were under 65 years of age and those with end stage renal disease were also enabled to receive coverage. It also expanded to include chiropractic services and other forms of therapy such as speech and physical therapy. This was also the year that payment to health maintenance organizations began and the supplemental security income for the elderly and disabled poor was established to automatically give these recipients coverage under Medicare. In 1982 the program expanded to include hospice treatments on a temporary basis to assess the financial costs of these institutions. The benefits would not become a permanently ratified until 1986. Then in 1983 they changed their system of payment from one of reasonable cost to a case by case basis based on the diagnosis for in-patients in hospitals. In 1984 the President, federal employees, members of congress and federal judiciary also became covered by Medicare. In 1988 a major overhaul of the Medicare program was made in order to provide benefits for life threatening illnesses and prescription medication, it was cancelled the very next year. This was followed by coverage for routine mammographies in the same year. The next year coverage for pap smears started and physicians were now paid based on their schedules. In 1997 the balanced budget act was passed which enabled various providers from Medicare to have their funding reduced. This was enacted under the Medicare choice program which provided advantages to those individuals who are financially burdened. However, congress soon revisited this act due to pressure in 1999 and passed the Balanced Budget reform act which returns some of the cuts to the providers. These returns were increased by the 2000 Budget improvement and protection act (SeniorJournal. com, 2001). Thus, in 2000 the Medicare Choice final rule took effect. At this time the Medicare Part B premium was at forty five dollars and forty cents a month. Inaugurating it in 2001 and launching it in 2002 Medicare started a new program known as Quality Initiative. This was a new program which encompassed not only quality monitoring by independent surveyors. But also pay for performance plan along with the hospital compare website. They also eventually revealed that they would no longer offer payment for treatment of hospital acquired infections and problematic hospital events. In 2006 they began a prescription drug coverage program. This at a monthly premium puts individuals on a drug plan to cover their drug costs. The current premium for Medicare part B is ninety six dollars and forty cents per month (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2005) (Medicare, 2009). A look at the government website for Medicare and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid do not reveal the mission statement for the organization. What is present however is what the program actually entails in terms of services. As mentioned before Medicare is a health insurance program for people of ages 65 and over who may have certain disabilities and also those of all ages with End Stage Renal Disease. It provides three types of insurance. Part A is hospital insurance which covers the costs of hospital care, hospice care and inpatient care. It may not be required to be paid if the payroll tax of an individual pays for it. Part B medical insurance is the type which covers outpatient care and doctors services. It also covers certain other physical and occupational therapies in health care and is bought with a monthly premium. The third is prescription drug coverage which covers the individual’s drug plan for a monthly premium (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2005). In terms of the criminal justice system Medicare does not pay for those individuals who have been sent to prison since they lose their social security on incarceration. However if an individual pays their premiums for Medicare B directly they are still eligible for the program. Otherwise their Medicare benefits will run out in 3 months. They also lose coverage under the drug prescription plan. In the case of individuals who are in psychological institutions for the criminally insane and in nursing homes serving out their sentence are covered under the Medicare part B program (Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, 2009). If we look at the financial records of Medicare for the past three years, i. e. from 2007 to 2009 we find that Medicare has faced striking loses and financial challenges. According to the April 2007 report the Health Insurance Trust Fund which gives finances to part A of the Medicare plan will no longer be viable after the next 20 years. Meaning it will dry out in 2019. Once it is gone Medicare will turn to payroll taxes to cover the costs of 79% of part A. The 2007 report was also the first one which included the Medicare funding warning. This was due to the fact that this was the second report which stated that the in the next seven years 45% of all funding for Medicare would come from common revenues (Aflcio. org, 2007). The 2008 financial report contained information which stated that the estimated health insurance deficit over the next 75 years was expected to be around thirteen trillion dollars. To eliminate this problem the only foreseen solution was to increase payroll taxes by 122% or to reduce benefits by 51% or some combination of both and that failure to do so would result in even greater increases and reductions. The report also spoke of the problems of the long term sustainability of Medicare with the rising cost of Health Care in the United States. The report also stated that due to these expenses Medicare would continue to be a burden, relying on the country’s GDP to function. They said that Medicare spent 3. 2% of the country’s GDP in 2007 and is estimated to spend 6. 3% in 2030 and 10. 7% in 2080 (American Academy of Actuaries , 2008). In 2009, the report once again showed the financial failings of the Medicare organization. It now reported that the Health Insurance fund would empty out in 2017 two years sooner than predicted in 2008. The report also said that the benefits given out by hospitals this year will outpace the earnings to such an extent that it will result in bankruptcy by 2017. This year they said that the Health Insurance deficit would require an immediate 134% increase in payroll and 53% reduction in benefits or some combination of the two with the total deficit over the next 75 years totaling 14 trillion dollars (American Academy of Actuaries, 2009). A critical analysis of the effectiveness of Medicare finds that Medicare has failed to perform adequately for several years and its performance in the 2009 fiscal year was not satisfactory. Not only have they not taken any steps to curtail the projected deficit. Since 2004 the costs of the Medicare program have exceeded income from payroll tax revenue forcing the program to rely on interest earnings to help pay benefits. Furthermore immediate action needs to be taken to insure that the Health Insurance Trust Fund which is on it way to depletion in 2017 is preserved. As the reliance of Medicare on GDP grows it is predicted that social security costs will grow along with it. This is because after 2010 the number of people receiving benefits through Medicare and social security will sharply increase. It is expected that the part B premiums will increase in the ensuing years as beneficiaries will have to pay more due to ever increasing health costs. However, by law since the Part B premium cannot exceed the cost of living adjustment provided by social security. Thus, nearly 75% of the Medicare beneficiaries will not pay increased premiums placing the financial burdens on the rest of the 25% of the population (American Academy of Actuaries, 2009). It is also expected that since the prescription drug plan is not subjected to any legislation, the prices for its premiums will dramatically increase over the next few years. The current business model employed by Medicare quite frankly is a disaster of epic proportions. With the current recession of the economy in the United States and the ever increasing cost of health care, it is not conceivable for Medicare to maintain any form of profitability or stability long term in this market. Not only that but shareholder and consumer confidence along with an overwhelmingly negative perception of the general public will curtail any efforts by Medicare to rectify its earning procedures for years to come. Thus eventually Medicare will not only become unsustainable for its beneficiaries but also for the federal government. Since the substantial increase in health care cost and increasing complexities of the health care system will be a dominant force in the industry over the next few years. It is essential that Medicare streamline its operation and keep costs down while keeping consumer confidence up. In order to do this they must completely abandon the current Modus operandi they have adopted and turn towards creating a new plan that is customized towards providing a standard form of service rather than awarding cash on a performance basis. Additionally, they must insure that their new programs are not only more streamlined but are also created to insure the best health care possible for their consumers. It is inevitable that the price of the Medicare premiums will increase over the next few years. However, if Medicare changes its modes of operation from stressing quick cures to instead creating an emphasis on primary prevention the long term benefits on the civilian population and the organization will be incalculable. It is through this means that they will create a more standardized approach towards medicine and prevent the occurrence of more life threatening diseases that are considered a financial black hole. Meaning these diseases require years of funding to treat patients with no guarantee of recovery. However, it is much more likely that Medicare wills continues it current mode of operations and will continue to employ the use of the failed Quality Initiative. With increasing Job losses and a recessive economy it is doubtful that the organization will find its way back to profitability and become free of the aid it is receiving from the GDP of the United States and the Health Insurance Fund. Additionally it is conceivable that Medicare will abandon all the programs it consider non essential. Among those will be programs which are geared towards the medical aid of felons or sex offenders. It is possible that the health benefits afforded to senior citizens in nursing homes may be revoked in an effort to increase funding for the organization. It is equally plausible that Medicare will possibly outsource some of its businesses to local prisons such as their help lines and customer relations due to budget concerns and deficits. However, it is inevitable that in the end no amount of funds will help the organization return to a mode of profitability. It has been suggested by the republican body recently that it may be more prudent for congress to scrap the program completely in favor of a more contemporary approach. In my opinion I believe that is a much better option over the wait and see approach the Medicare has obviously adopted over the last few years. It is true that an immediate increase in payroll tax and an immediate reduction in benefits will alleviate the actuarial balance within the next few decades. However, the long term sustainability of such a plan is whimsical at best. Additionally one must consider if the longitivity of this organization is based solely on the success of these factors, then their increase within the next few decades is assured creating a greater burden on the populace. The financial difficulties that face Medicare today are not as simple as they appear. Nonetheless it is apparent that reform of the organization is essential to its long term survival. Its biggest concern is sustenance without sacrificing the quality of care of its individual. However, with ever increasing cost of health in the United States, its possible that might just happen. References Aflcio. org. (2007). Medicares Financial Condition. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Aflcio. org: http://www. aflcio. org/issues/healthcare/financial. cfm American Academy of Actuaries . (2008, March). Medicares Financial Condtion: Beyond Actuarial Balance . Retrieved May 30, 2009, from American Academy of Actuaries : http://www. actuary. org/pdf/medicare/trustees_08. pdf American Academy of Actuaries. (2009, May). Medicares Financial Condtion: Beyond Actuarial Balance. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from American Academy of Actuaries: http://www. actuary. org/pdf/medicare/trustees_09. pdf Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law. (2009). Bazelon Center Fact Sheet Medicare p. 2. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law: http://www. bazelon. org/pdf/Factsheet-Medicare. pdf Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2005, December 14). Overview. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: http://www. cms. hhs. gov/MedicareGenInfo/ Medicare. (2009). Medicare premiums and coinsurance rates for 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from Medicare: http://questions. medicare. gov/cgi-bin/medicare. cfg/php/enduser/std_adp. php? p_faqid=2100 SeniorJournal. com. (2001). Brief History of the Medicare Program. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from SeniorJournal. com: http://seniorjournal. com/NEWS/2000%20Files/Aug%2000/FTR-08-04-00MedCarHistry. htm